Instruction Set

// Stack operation opcodes
const NOP:    u8 = 0x00;  // No operation
const PUSH1:  u8 = 0x01;  // Push 1 byte
const PUSH8:  u8 = 0x02;  // Push 8 bytes
const POP:    u8 = 0x03;  // Remove top item
const DUP:    u8 = 0x04;  // Duplicate nth item
const SWAP:   u8 = 0x05;  // Swap with nth item

Opcode	Name	Description	Gas
0x00	NOP	No operation	1
0x01	PUSH1	Push 1-byte value onto stack	2
0x02	PUSH8	Push 8-byte value onto stack	3
0x03	POP	Remove top stack item	1
0x04	DUP	Duplicate nth stack item	2
0x05	SWAP	Swap with nth stack item	2

// Math operation opcodes
const ADD:    u8 = 0x10;  // Add top two items
const SUB:    u8 = 0x11;  // Subtract
const MUL:    u8 = 0x12;  // Multiply
const DIV:    u8 = 0x13;  // Divide
const MULDIV: u8 = 0x14;  // (a * b) / c
const MIN:    u8 = 0x15;  // Minimum
const MAX:    u8 = 0x16;  // Maximum

Opcode	Name	Description	Gas
0x10	ADD	Add top two stack items	2
0x11	SUB	Subtract top from second	2
0x12	MUL	Multiply top two items	3
0x13	DIV	Divide second by top	3
0x14	MULDIV	Multiply then divide	4
0x15	MIN	Push minimum value	2
0x16	MAX	Push maximum value	2

// Memory operation opcodes
const LOAD:   u8 = 0x20;  // Load from memory
const STORE:  u8 = 0x21;  // Store to memory
const LOADN:  u8 = 0x22;  // Load n bytes
const STOREN: u8 = 0x23;  // Store n bytes
const MSIZE:  u8 = 0x24;  // Get memory size

Opcode	Name	Description	Gas
0x20	LOAD	Load 8 bytes from memory	3
0x21	STORE	Store 8 bytes to memory	3
0x22	LOADN	Load n bytes from memory	3+n
0x23	STOREN	Store n bytes to memory	3+n
0x24	MSIZE	Push memory size	1

// Control flow opcodes
const JUMP:   u8 = 0x30;  // Jump to address
const JUMPI:  u8 = 0x31;  // Conditional jump
const CALL:   u8 = 0x32;  // Call subroutine
const RETURN: u8 = 0x33;  // Return from call

Opcode	Name	Description	Gas
0x30	JUMP	Jump to address	4
0x31	JUMPI	Conditional jump	5
0x32	CALL	Call subroutine	10
0x33	RETURN	Return from call	5

// Solana operation opcodes
const TRANSFER: u8 = 0x40;  // Transfer SOL
const SPLOP:    u8 = 0x41;  // SPL token ops
const CPI:      u8 = 0x42;  // Cross-program
const LOG:      u8 = 0x43;  // Log to output

Opcode	Name	Description	Gas
0x40	TRANSFER	Transfer SOL between accounts	100
0x41	SPLOP	SPL token operations	200
0x42	CPI	Cross-program invocation	500
0x43	LOG	Log value to output	5